CONCEPTS OF ENCAPSULATION AND ABSTRACTION IN C#

Abstraction is one of the principles of object oriented programming. It is used to display only necessary and essential features of an object to outside the world. Means displaying what is necessary and encapsulate the unnecessary things to outside the world. Hiding can be achieved by using access modifiers.

Note - Outside the world means when we use reference of object then it will show only necessary methods and properties and hide methods which are not necessary.

Example: Capsule Medicine

Encapsulation and abstraction is the advanced mechanism in C# that lets your program to hide unwanted code within a capsule and shows only essential features of an object. Encapsulation is used to hide its members from outside class or interface, whereas abstraction is used to show only essential features.

In C# programming, Encapsulation uses five types of modifier to encapsulate data. These modifiers are public, private, internal, protected and protected internal. These all includes different types of characteristics and makes different types of boundary of code.

Access Modifier	Description (who can access)
Private	Only members within the same type.  (default for type members)
Protected	Only derived types or members of the same type.
Internal	Only code within the same assembly. Can also be code external to object as long as it is in the same assembly.  (default for types)
Protected internal	Either code from derived type or code in the same assembly. Combination of protected OR internal.
Public	Any code. No inheritance, external type, or external assembly restrictions.

public abstract class Car

    {

        //you cant declare private access specifier

        public abstract void StartCar();

        public void dispay()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Concrete Method");

        }

    }

    public class Audi : Car

    {

        #region Overrides of Car

        public override void StartCar()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Audi StartCar");

        }

        #endregion

    }

    public class BMW : Car

    {

        #region Overrides of Car

        public override void StartCar()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("BMW StartCar");

        }

        #endregion

    }

    class Program

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            Car obj = new BMW();

            obj.dispay();

            obj.StartCar();

            Console.ReadLine();

        }

    }

Output: Concrete Method

        BMW StartCar